Tools


Π Π Δneff × · × ... … current what if

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Info texts


Here you can create, review, and edit steps and sub-steps in the process.

Definitions:

If "potential" safety measures are defined, the influenced values are displayed in the format: current what if, where the "current" value takes into account active measures only, whereas the "what if" value takes into account active and potential measures.


Create, review, and edit failure mode effects.

Definitions:

If "potential" safety measures are defined, the influenced values are displayed in the format: current what if, where the "current" value takes into account active measures only, whereas the "what if" value takes into account active and potential measures.


The expected event rate neff is the number of patients per year which are expected to experience the effect of the failure mode.

It is calculated as follows. The probability Pocc that the failure occurs is:

Pocc=Pocc,i·Πpmiss

where Pocc,i=Pocc,i(Oi) and the product is performed over all added preventions.

The probability that the failure remains undetected and generates its effect is:

Peff=Pocc·Pmiss,i·Πpmiss

where Pmiss,i=Pmiss,i(Di) and the product is performed over all added barriers. Finally, the expected event rate is:

neff=Peff·T·F·R

Where T is the process throughput (patient/y), F is the fraction of patients going through the current step/sub-step and R is the average number of repetition per patient of the current step/sub-step.


Here you can perform a FTA analysis.

Typical procedure:

  1. Set the process throughput and acceptance levels in "Settings".
  2. Define the list of possible adverse effects (left hand side).
  3. For every effect, create the potential failure modes.
  4. Review the risk associated to failure modes using the available metrics (expected event rate, acceptability). Adjust initial risk evaluation (S, Oi, Di) if necessary.
  5. Identify best placements for safety measures by looking at effect fault trees (click on "Show diagram").
  6. Add safety measures (preventions or barriers) to failure modes whose risk must be mitigated.

If "potential" safety measures are defined, the influenced values are displayed in the format: current what if, where the "current" value takes into account active measures only, whereas the "what if" value takes into account active and potential measures. Similarly, the failure mode acceptability status (the "traffic light") is shown as (current)(what if).


These are the definitions of the parameters shown in this table:

If "potential" safety measures are defined, the influenced values are displayed in the format: current what if, where the "current" value takes into account active measures only, whereas the "what if" value takes into account active and potential measures. Similarly, the acceptability status is shown as (current)(what if).


Here you can see a comparison of costs and benefits determined by all added safety measures.
One safety measure can act on one or many failure modes.

Definitions:


You can add a prevention to this failure mode:


You can select 2 or more steps to be merged.

Selection order is important. If S1 is the first selected step, S2 is the second etc:

Special cases:


You can select 2 or more effects to be merged.

Selection order is important. If E1 is the first selected effect, E2 is the second, E3 is the third, etc:


Initial detectability: it reflects the likelihood that the failure is detected after occurrence, before it generates an adverse effect. It depends on the initial barrier in place. You can define one of these parameters (the other will be automatically calculated):


Initial occurrence: it reflects the likelihood or frequency that the failure mode occurs, in view of the cause and initial prevention in place. You can define one of these parameters (the other will be automatically calculated):


Severity: severity of failure mode effect.
A positive number ranging from 1 to 10 (see scales table).


F: fraction of patients going through the step/sub-step. 100% means "all patients".

R: average number of repetitions per patient of the step/sub-steps.


Analyze the reported issue and identify the cause, failure mode and effect


Here you can perform a FMEA analysis of the process.

Typical procedure:

  1. Set the process throughput and acceptance levels in "Settings".
  2. Describe your process (left-hand side), either as a list of steps/sub-steps, or as a flowchart.
  3. For every step/sub-step create the potential failure modes.
  4. Review the risk(s) associated with the failure modes (right-hand side) using one or more of the available metrics (RPN, expected event rate, acceptability). Adjust initial risk evaluation (S, Oi, Di) if necessary.
  5. Add safety measures (preventions or barriers) to failure modes whose risk must be mitigated.

If "potential" safety measures are defined, the influenced values are displayed in the format: current what if, where the "current" value takes into account active measures only, whereas the "what if" value takes into account active and potential measures. Similarly, the acceptability status (the "traffic light") is shown as (current)(what if).

  1. Validate the failure mode evaluation with reported incidents (possible with "retrospective module" only).

To track how a risk analysis progresses:


Here you can:

  1. Adjust the initial evaluation of detectability (Di or Pmiss,i).
  2. Add barriers.

Definitions:


Pmiss of a failure mode: the conditional probability that the failure mode occurs and that it remains undetected, despite all available barriers. It is calculated as:

Pmiss=Pmiss,i·Πpmiss

Where Πpmiss is the product of the probabilities pmiss of all added barriers.

Pmiss is an invertible function of mitigated detectability D; You can calculate D from Pmiss and Pmiss from D.

Note: if at least one potential barrier is defined, Pmiss and D values, as well as all the functions in which these values are used (RPN, neff, Neff, Δneff) are printed in the format:

current what if,

where the "current" value takes into account active barriers only, whereas the "what if" value takes into account active and potential barriers.


You can add to this failure mode:


Here you can:

  1. Adjust the initial evaluation of occurrence (Oi or Pocc,i).
  2. Add preventions.

Definitions:


Pocc: the probability of failure mode occurrence in view of Pocc,i and all added preventions. It is calculated as:

Pocc=Pocc,i · Πpmiss

Where Πpmiss is the product of the probabilities pmiss of all added preventions. Pocc is an invertible function of mitigated occurrence O; You can calculate O from Pocc and Pocc from O.

Note: if at least one potential prevention is defined, Pocc and O values, as well as all the functions in which these values are used (RPN, neff, Neff, Δneff) are printed in the format:

current what if,

where the "current" value takes into account active preventions only, whereas the "what if" value takes into account active and potential preventions.


This table shows an overview of all available risk analyses.
If more versions of a risk analysis are available, data relative to the most recent version are shown, including:




An incident form template is basically a list of questions.


Here you can manage departments/groups.


A department/group is an entity which can be used to represent any unit in your organization. It can be for instance a department, a team, an operative unit, a satellite, a site etc. You can:

A risk analysis can be associated to a department/group using its settings. If you do so, it will be visible only to members of that dept/group.


Functions available is risk analysis` "Settings" tabs:


General settings of the risk analysis version which is open:


The incidents table provides a summary of incidents reported for this risk analysis:



In this web page you see an overview of what is going on with the incident reported within the access group specified above:


To validate a failure mode:

  1. Select the failure mode by choosing a step/sub-step and a failure mode within it.
  2. First look at "occurrences" plot on the right.
    • If expected () and reported ( ) occurrences match, your evaluation of occurrence O is correct.
    • If they do not match, change either the initial occurrence or the Pmiss of any active added prevention. Adjust these values until the fit () is superimposed to reports ().
  3. Second, look at either "near events" or "events". Do this only if occurrences match! We consider "events" as an example.
    • If expected and reported events match, your evaluation of detectability D is correct.
    • If they do not match, change either the initial detectability or the Pmiss of any active added barrier.
    • Adjust these values until the fit () is superimposed to reports ().
  4. Save, so that the risk analysis is updated with new values.


Here you can manage incident form templates:

The form templates available in this library can be used to document and analyze incidents associated to any risk analysis. Which forms are required or optional is defined in the risk analysis settings.


Here you, as the safety officer, can specify in which cases you receive an email notification if an incident is reported. For every risk analysis you have access to you can specify:


Here you can review and edit the process description as a flow chart.

Flowchart editor components:

Shape controls. If you select a shape in the canvas, a set of icons appears around it. They allow you to:


  1. Every step/sub-step in the list is automatically associated to a shape in the flowchart.
    • If a step is created in the list, a shape of type "process" is added to the flowchart.
    • Every step with sub-steps in the list is described by a "Predefined process" with a child flow-chart. For every sub-step created in the list, a shape of type "process" is added to the child flowchart.
  2. Any shape in the flowchart can be "associated" to a step in the list:
    • If a shape in the flow chart is "associated" to a step, the new step is added to the list.
    • If a shape in a child flow-chart is "associated" to a sub-step, the new sub-step is added to the list.

Note that when a shape is added to the canvas, by default it is not associated to any step. These shapes are not reflected in the list unless they are "associated" to a step. All the artwork (connections, colors, comments) is not reflected in the list too.


Fault tree construction rules:

A tree can be visualized as a table (view and edit) or as a diagram (view only). You can decide to visualize all safety measures, or only those which are active, not active or potential.


Here you can release the last version of this risk analysis. The release can be useful to "freeze" a version for formal documentation purposes. A released version cannot be deleted or edited anymore. You can however create a new version based on it, which can be edited.

Example: if you release the version 3 of a certain risk analysis, it cannot be deleted or changed anymore. You can however create an editable copy of it, which will be the version 4.


You can print a pdf report of this risk analysis version. The content of the report is customizable: