Question
What is the bias voltage where saturation is detected for the PPC05?
Answer
This question cannot be answered in general.
The saturation is depending on the bias voltage, beam quality and machine parameters, e.g. pulse dose rate and dose rates.
Especially saturation effects and reduced collection efficiency of beams with high pulse dose rates (such as PBS) need to be evaluated.
For the PPC05 the maximum absorbed dose per pulse is specified as 0,002 Gy with an ion collection efficiency of > 99% at standard conditions.